I'll try and explain. The sprag clutch allows the starter to directly spin the crankshaft through a series of idler gears without having to thrust the starter gear into a flywheel ringgear (Starter gear train is always engaged). Once the engine starts, the crank will spin faster than the starter which could damage the starter. The sprag clutch then slips preventing the damage.
A sprag clutch is a device that allows rotation one way but not the other. It grabs one way and slips the other.
I'd try bump starting the engine and get it up to operating temp. Once it is warm, shut the bike off and try the starter.
