Besides backfires, I'm always careful not to hit the starter twice in quick succession. If I release starter button before it fires, I let the engine stop completely before I hit it again.

The JB weld I've used is pretty thin stuff. Probably have trouble building it up on a vertical surface. Wonder if you could cut threads on the outside of the socket and run a nut on it with JB weld behind and around it. Or maybe a nut big enough to slip completely over it epoxied in place.