Hey Scott!
I rode out to Montana last September. I left the hospitably of Paul (PES) in Tulsa and camped at the Swanson Lake Reservoir in Nebraska that night. Honor system camping. Nice place with hot showers.

Tulsa to Swanson SRA, NE From there I traveled through Estes Park on Trail Ridge Road and although I wanted to make the Red Fleet State Park in Utah, I only made it to Craig CO cold and soaking wet way after dark... Also Check out the sign on US 34 as you head West from Swanson Lake that says you are entering Mountain Standard Time. (Photo op) (The temperature was 38 degrees when I took this photo.

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Swanson Lake Reservoir to Craig Co From Craig CO I traveled all the way to East Helena Montana. That was a looooooong day. Rode up along the West side of Flaming Gorge through the Teton National Forest then through the Western side of Yellowstone. I know you said Colorado, so that is about all I know. Colorado was beautiful.
Anyways, once you get to Steamboat Springs, the rest of your trip is up to you to plan. There are many choices of rides. To the South around Colorado Springs is Pikes Peak. And Garden of the Gods. Lot's of white water rafting too. You are going to have a blast!