Hi, Milo. Welcome.
The K&N is supposed to improve airflow slightly but there is some debate (in other parts of the net) as to whether they, also, allow more crap through.
Again, the Hyde intake is something that no-one can agree on. Personally, I don't see how putting something that smooths the flow "before" the filter can have any effect. After it, definitely.
"Uni" refers to Unifilter, a brand, similar to K&N.
The shocks are budget items. My advice: replace them as soon as you can, especially given your style of riding.
Damping is the speed at which the shocks compress; rebound damping is the speed at which they un-compress. You need to find the right balance. Too fast (soft) and they'll bottom out. Too hard and your bike will skip all over the place. Preload adjusts the aount of "sag"; that is, the amount the bike lowers when you sit on it. The stock shocks don't have much in the way of adjustment. There are loads of webpages explaining suspension in more detail than I just have-just do a search.
Just so you know, this forum is dedicated to the cruiser range (America/Speedmaster); the Bonnies are better catered for at triumphrat.net and/or the Bonnie forum at delphiforums.com. Not that you can't join in here.
